Complete Linux Commands Reference Cheat Sheet
Complete Linux Commands Reference Cheat Sheet – A to Z Commands – If you won’t become a pro hacker you need to remember all Linux commands because the Linux operating system all tools task command base or graphically, it has many hacking and penetration testing tools those work complete command line base. Best Important Linux Commands.
In this Tutorial, You will Learn:
Toggle ls – list files and directories cd – change directory mkdir – make a directory rm – remove file or directory mv – move or rename file or directory cp – copy file or directory touch – create an empty file or update the modified time chmod – change permissions of file or directory chown – change the owner of the file or directory sudo – execute the command as superuser grep – search for text in files tar – create or extract compressed archive top – display system resource usage ps – display running processes kill – terminate a process ping – test network connection ssh – connect to the remote server over SSH scp – copy files securely between servers over SSH curl – transfer data over the network wget – download files from the internet. Many of these commands may not work on your Linux version. Important Linux Commands You Should Know. The alias command lets you give your own name to a command or sequence of commands.
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Linux commands are run in the terminal provided by the Linux system. let’s start to learn useful Linux commands. Complete Linux Commands Reference Cheat Sheet
With a Description Text commands often work regardless of which Linux-based operating system you use, and the results are often faster than what a graphical desktop interface can offer. so basically if you know Linux Commands You are better than others.
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A to Z Useful Linux Commands With Description Commands Description apt Advanced Package Tool / A package management system. apt-get Install / remove / update packages aptitude A utility to add / remove / upgrade packages apmd Used to handle events reported by APM BIOS drivers. awk Used to find and replace text in a file . atrm Delete jobs queued by the at command. aumix A audio mixer utility autoupdate Update a configure. as A portable GNU assembler. at Schedule command execution at specified date & time. atq List a user’s pending jobs autoheader Create a template header for configure. acpi Show information about the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. access Check a user’s RWX permission for a file. aclocal GNU autoconf too aconnect ALSA sequencer connection manager. acpid Informs user-space programs about ACPI events. addr2line Used to convert addresses into file names and line numbers. addresses Formats for internet mail addresses. aplay Sound recorder and player for CLI. anacron run commands periodically. alias Create an alias for Linux commands amidi Perform read/write operation for ALSA RawMIDI ports. amixer Access CLI-based mixer for ALSA soundcard driver. apropos Shows the list of all man pages containing a specific keyword
Commands Description break Used to exit from a loop. bzip2 A block-sorting file compressor. bison A GNU parser generator. bind Used to attach a name to a socket. bc Access the GNU bc calculator utility. bash GNU Bourne-Again Shell. bg Send processes to the background. badblocks Search a disk partition for bad sectors. banner Used to print characters as a poster.
Commands Description cut remove sections from each line of a file. cp Copy contents of one file to another. clear Used to clear the terminal window. comm Used to compare two sorted files line by line. continue Resume the next iteration of a loop. cpp GNU C language processor. cron A daemon to execute scheduled commands. csplit Split a file into sections on the basis of context lines. curl Transfer data from or to a server. chrt Alter process attributed. chsh Switch login shell. cksum Perform a CRC checksum for files. col Filter reverse from the input. cpio Copy files from and to archives. ctags Make a list of functions and macro names defined in a programming source file. cal Show calendar. cat Concatenate files and print them on the screen. cc GNU C and C++ compiler. cd Change directory. cdda2wav Rip a CD-ROM and make WAV file. chmod Change access permission for a file chpasswd Update password in a batch. chroot Run a command with root privileges. chkconfig Manage execution of runlevel services. chgrp Used to change group ownership for file. chvt Change foreground virtual terminal.
Commands Description df Show disk usage. dir List the contents of a directory. dc Desk calculator utility. date Show system date and time. dirname Display pathname after removing the last slash and characters thereafter. du Show disk usage summary for a file. dump Backup utility for ext2/ext3 file systems. dumpe2fs Dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems. dumpkeys Show information about the keyboard driver’s current translation tables. dmesg Examine and control the kernel ring buffer. disable Restrict access to a printer. dirs Show the list of remembered directories. declare Used to declare variables and assign attributes. ddrescue Used to recover data from a crashed partition. debugfs File system debugger for ext2/ext3/ext4 depmod Generate modules.dep and map files. dmesg Examine and control the kernel ring buffer. dnssec-signkey Sign a secure DNS keyset with key signatures specified in the list of key-identifiers.
Commands Description exit Exit from the terminal. eject Eject removable media. enable Enable/disable shell builtin commands. esdcat Use EsounD to send audio data from a specified file. esdctl EsounD control program. esdplay EsounD system to play a file. e2fsck Check ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems. ed GNU Ed – a line-oriented text editor. egrep Search and display text matching a pattern. export Set an environment variable. expect An extension to the Tcl script ex Interactive command echo display text on the screen. esdplay EsounD system to play a file. e2label Show or change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem. edquota Edit filesystem quotas using a text editor emacs Emacs text editor command line utility. env Show/set/delete environment variables.
Commands Description file Determine file type for a file. fingerd Provides a network interface for the finger program. fuser Find and kill a process accessing a file. ftp File transfer protocol user interface. free Show free and used system memory. fsck Check and repair a Linux file system. format Format disks. ftpd FTP server process. function Define function macros. factor Display prime factors of specified integer numbers. false Exit with a status code indicating failure, Do nothing, unsuccessfully. fc-list Show the list of available fonts. fdformat Do a low-level format on a floppy disk. fetchmail Fetch mail from mail servers and forward it to the local mail delivery system. fg Used to send a job to the foreground. find Do a file search in a directory hierarchy. flex Generate programs that perform pattern-matching on text. for Expand words and run commands for each one in the resultant list. find Do a file search in a directory hierarchy. fold Wrap input line to fit in a specified width. fc-cache Make font information cache after scanning the directories.
Commands Description groffer Displays groff files and man pages. gprof Shows call graph profile data. getopts A utility to parse positional parameters. gpgv Used to verify OpenPGP signatures. groffer Displays groff files and man pages. groupdel Remove a user group. groupadd Add a new user group. groupmod Modify a group definition. groups Show the group. grpck Verifies the integrity of group files. gunzip A utility to compress/expand files. gzip Same as gzip. g++ Run the g++ compiler. gcc A C and C++ compiler by GNU. gdb A utility to debug programs and know about where it crashes. getkeycodes Displays the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table. gpasswd Allows an administrator to change group passwords. gpg Enables encryption and signing services as per the OpenPGP standard. gpgsplit Used to split an OpenPGP message into packets. gpm It enables cut and paste functionality and a mouse server for the Linux console. grep Searches input files for a given pattern and displays the relevant lines. groff Serves as the front-end of the groff document formatting system.
Commands Description help Display’s help for a built-in command. host A utility to perform DNS lookups. history Shows the command history. help Display’s help for a built-in command. halt Command used to half the machine. head Shows first 10 lines from each specified file. hexdump Shows specified file output in hexadecimal, octal, decimal, or ASCII format. hwclock Show or configure the system’s hardware clock. htop An interactive process viewer for the command line. hostid Shows host’s numeric ID in hexadecimal format. hostname Display/set the hostname of the system.
Commands Description info Used to read the documentation in Info format. install Used to copy files to specified locations and set attributions during the install process. ip Display/manipulate routing, devices, policy, routing and tunnels. ipcrm Used to remove System V interprocess communication (IPC) objects and associated data structures. ipcs Show information on IPC facilities for which calling process has read access. isoinfo A utility to perform directory like listings of iso9660 images. isosize Show the length of an iso9660 filesystem contained in a specified file. isovfy Verifies the integrity of an iso9660 image. iconv Convert text file from one encoding to another. if Execute a command conditionally. ifconfig Used to configure network interfaces. ifup Starts a network interface. imapd An IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) server daemon. iostat Shows statistics for CPU, I/O devices, partitions, network filesystems. isodump A utility that shows the content iso9660 images to verify the integrity of directory contents. ispell A CLI-based spell-check utility. import Capture an X server screen and saves it as an image. ipcs Show information on IPC facilities for which calling process has read access. iptables Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT.
Commands Description join join them using a command field and display on standard output. jobs Show the list of active jobs and their status.
Commands Description kill Send a kill processes. kbd_mode Set a keyboard mode , shows the current keyboard mode. killall Kills a process. kudzu Used to detect new and enhanced hardware by comparing it with existing database. kbdrate Reset keyboard repeat rate and delay time.
Commands Description ls Shows the list of files in the current directory. lprm Cancel print jobs. lpr Submit files for printing. losetup Set up and control loop devices. lsusb List USB devices. lspci List all PCI devices. ld The Unix linker ldconfig Configure dynamic linker run-time bindings. let Perform integer artithmetic on shell variables. local Create function variables. locate Find files by their name. login Create a new session on the system. look Shows any lines in a file containing a given string in the beginning. logout Performs the logout operation. logger Make entries in the system log. lpc Line printer control program lpmove Move on or more printing jobs to a new destination. lprint Used to print a file. last Shows a list of recent logins on the system. ldd Shows shared object dependencies.
Commands Description mv Move/rename files or directories. mkdir Used to create directories. mt Control magnetic tape drive operation. mtools Utilities to access MS-DOS disks. mpg321 Similar to mpg123. mpg123 Command-line mp3 player. most Browse or page through a text file. mzip Change protection mode and eject disk on Zip/ drive. man Shows manual pages for Linux commands. makemap Creates database maps make Utility to maintain groups of programs. mail Utility to compose, receive, send, forward, and reply to emails. mailq Shows to list all emails queued for delivery mattrib Change MS-DOS file attribute flags. mcat Dump raw disk image. mcd Used to change MS-DOS directory. mcopy Used to copy MS-DOS files from or to Unix. mdir Used to display an MS-DOS directory. minfo Display parameters of an MS-DOS filesystem. mrd Remove an MS-DOS sub directory. mkfs Build a Linux filesystem on a hard disk partition. mklost+found Create a lost+found directory on a mounted ext2 filesystem. mknod Create a FIFO, block special file. mmv Mass move and rename files. more Display content of a file page-by-page. mount Mount a filesystem. mountd NFS mount daemon. mpg321 Similar to mpg123. merge file merge
Commands Description nslookup Used performs DNS queries nsupdate Dynamic DNS update utility. nm List symbols from object files. send A program to send desktop notifications. nice Run a program with modified scheduling priority. netstat Show network information. nfsd Special filesystem for controlling Linux NFS server. newgrp Log-in to a new group. newaliases Rebuilds mail alias database. named Internet domain name server.
Commands Description open Open a file. od Dump files in octal and other formats. openvt Start a program on a new virtual terminal op Operator access. (allows system administrators to grant users access to certain root operations that require superuser privileges) objcopy Copy and translate object files. objdump Display information from object files.
Commands Description poweroff Shuts down the machine. perl Perl 5 language interpreter. passwd Change user password. paste Merge lines of files. patch Apply a patchfile to an original file. pathchk Check if file names are valid or portable. ping Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts. pmap Report memory map of a process. pppd Point-to-point protocol daemon. printf Show arguments pv Monitor progress of data through a pipe. ptx Produce a permuted index of file contents. pr Convert text files for printing. pinky Lightweight finger. pgrep List process IDs matching the specified criteria among all the running processes. pkill Send kill signal to processes based on name and other attributes. pwck Verify integrity of password files.
Commands Description quotactl Make changes to disk quotas. quotaon Disable enforcement of filesystem quotas. quotastats Shows the report of quota system statistics gathered from the kernel. quota Shows disk usage. quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage.
Commands Description read Read from a file descriptor. reboot Restart the machine. reset Reinitialize the terminal. rm Removes specified files and directories. rwhod Acts as a server for rwho and ruptime commands. rwall Sends messages to all users on the local network. rmmod A program to remove modules from Linux kernel. rename Rename one or more files. rar Create and manage RAR file. raidstart Start/stop RAID devices. ram RAM disk device used to access the RAM disk in raw mode. amsize Show usage information for the RAM disk. rcp Remote copy command to copy files between remote computers. rdev Set or query RAM disk size, image root device, or video mode. rdate Set system date and time by fetching information from a remote machine. readcd Read/write compact disks. renice Change priority of active processes. rmail Handle remote mail received via uucp. route Show/change IP routing table. rsh Remote shell rshd A daemon that acts as a server for rsh and rcp commands. ruptime Shows uptime and login details of the machines on the local network. rusers Shows the list of the users logged-in to the host or on all machines on the local network. rwall Sends messages to all users on the local network. rwho Reports who is logged-in to the hosts on the local network. rwhod Acts as a server for rwho and ruptime commands. readarray Read lines from a file into an array variable. readelf Shows information about ELF files.
Commands Description su Change user ID or become superuser. sudo Execute a command as superuser. swapoff Disable devices for paging and swapping. sysctl Configure kernel parameters at runtime. syslogd Read and log system messages to the system console and log files. sysklogd Linux system logging utilities. Provides syslogd and klogd functionalities. swapon Enable devices for paging and swapping. sync Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage. suspend Suspend the execution of the current shell. sum Checksum and count the block in a file. ss Display socket statistics, similar to netstat. stat Display file or filesystem status. snice Reset priority for processes. ssh An SSH client for logging in to a remote machine. split Split a file into pieces of fixed size. ssh-agent Holds private keys used for public key authentication. sshd Server for the ssh program. ssh-keyscan Gather ssh public keys. ssh-keygen A Generates, manages, converts authentication keys for ssh. source Run commands from a specified file. sane-find-scanner Find SCSI and USB scanner and determine their device files. scp Copy files between hosts on a network securely using SSH. scanadf Retrieve multiple images from a scanner equipped . script Make a typescript of everything displayed on the screen during a terminal session. select Synchronous I/O multiplexing. sendmail mail router or an MTA. (Mail Transfer Agent) sensors Shows the current readings of all sensor chips. sed Stream editor for filtering and transforming text set Used to manipulate shell variables and functions. setkeycodes Load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries. setmetamode Define keyboard meta key handling. setquota Set disk quotas for users and groups. sftp Secure File Transfer program. shift Shift positional parameters. shopt Shell options. size Lists section size and the total size of a specified file. skill Send a signal to processes. sleep Suspend execution.
Commands Description tar GNU version of the tar archiving utility. telnet Telnet protocol user interface. Used to interact with another host using telnet. tftp User interface to the internet TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol). test Check file type and compare values. tftpd TFTP server. touch Change file access and modification times. type Write a description for a command type. tty Display the filename of the terminal connected to standard input. tset Initialize terminal. top Displays real-time view of processes running on the system. touch Change file access and modification times. tac Concatenate and print files in reverse order. talk A two-way screen-oriented communication utility that allows two user to exchange messages simultaneously. taskset Set/retrieve a process’s CPU affinity. tee Read from standard input and write to standard output and files. telinit Change SysV runlevel. TRUE Exit with a status code indicating success. telnetd A server for the telnet protocol. time Run programs and summarize system resource usage. timeout Execute a command with a time limit. tload Shows a graph of the current system load average to the specified tty. tr Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from standard input and display on standard output.
Commands Description uname Show system information. ul Underline text. uname Show system information. unrar Extract files from a RAR archive. unset Remove variable or function names. uncompress Uncompress the files compressed. uuidgen Created a new UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) table. usleep Suspend execution for microsecond intervals. until Execute command until a given condition is true. ulimit Get and set user limits for the calling process. uniq Report or omit repeating lines. umask Set file mode creation mask. uptime Tell how long the system has been running. useradd Create a new user or update default user information. userdel Delete a user account and related files. usermod Modify a user account. users Show the list of active users on the machine.
Commands Description vi A text editor utility. vim Vi Improved, a text-based editor which is a successor to vi. vdir Same as ls -l -b. Verbosely list directory contents. vmstat Shows information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks, and CPU activity. vidmode S et the video mode for a kernel image.
Commands Description write Display a message on other user’s terminal. who Shows who is logged on. whereis Locate the binary, source, and man page files for a command. watch Runs commands repeatedly until interrupted and shows their output and errors. w Show who is logged-on and what they’re doing. wait Waits for a specified process ID(s) to terminate and returns the termination status. wget A non-interactive file download utility. who Shows who is logged on. whoami Displays the username tied to the current effective user ID. whois Looks for an object in a WHOIS database warnquota Send mail to the users who’ve exceeded their disk quota soft limit. while Conditionally execute commands (while loop).
Commands Description xinetd Extended internet services daemon. Works similar to inetd. xz Compress/ Decompress .xz and .lzma files. xargs Runs a command using initial arguments and then reads remaining arguments from standard input. xdg-open Open a file or URL in an application preferred by the user.
Commands Description ypxfr Transfers NIS server map from server to a local host. yppasswdd Acts as a server for the yppasswd command. Receives and executes requests. yes Repeatedly output a line with a specified string(s) until killed. ypbind A daemon that helps client processes to connect to an NIS server. yacc A GNU Project parser generator. ypcat Shows the NIS map (or database) for the specified Map Name parameter. yppoll Shows the ID number or version of NIS map currently used on the NIS server. ypinit Sets up NIS maps on an NIS server. ypmatch Shows values for specified keys from an NIS map. ypserv A daemon activated at system startup. It looks for information in local NIS maps. ypset Point a client (running ypbind) to a specifc server (running ypserv).
Commands Description zip A file compression and packaging utility. znew Recompress .z files to .gz. files. zcat Used to compress/uncompress files. Similar to gzip zcmp Compare compressed files. zforce Adds .gz extension to all gzipped files. zic Creates time conversion information files using the specified input files. zless Displays information of a compressed file (using less command) on the terminal one screen at a time. zmore Displays output of a compressed file (using more command) on the terminal one page at a time. zdiff Compare compressed files line by line.
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